Borage (Borago officinalis)

Borage (Borago officinalis) is a coarse, hairy annual that grows to about 2 ft (60 cm), featuring a succulent stem, large basal leaves, and distinctively bright blue star-shaped flowers. The seeds yield an oil exceptionally rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)—a form of polyunsaturated fatty acid beneficial for inflammatory and skin conditions. Traditionally, borage leaves and flowers are associated with uplifting mood and supporting adrenal function.

Adrenal Tonic & Mild Antidepressant: Folk medicine values borage for lifting low moods, relieving sadness, and supporting the adrenal glands. Anti-inflammatory: Borage seed oil is used internally for managing inflammation, arthritis, and certain skin problems like eczema. Demulcent & Emollient: The leaves and flowers have mucilaginous qualities, soothing the respiratory tract and easing skin irritations. Expectorant: Borage flowers can encourage perspiration and help clear mucus in respiratory conditions.

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Borage contains these potentially liver-toxic compounds in its leaves and stems. The herb itself should be used cautiously or avoided internally, especially during pregnancy. Seed Oil Safety: The oil, once extracted, is considered safe and does not fall under the same restrictions, as the problematic alkaloids are minimal or removed during processing.

Originating around the Mediterranean (southern Spain and Morocco), borage often appears as a garden herb or weed. It is cultivated both for its ornamental value and for seed oil production, with harvest typically focusing on the seeds for their high GLA content.